![]() He created the system based on mathematical ratios. "Polykleitos sought to capture the ideal proportions of the human figure in his statues and developed a set of aesthetic principles governing these proportions that was known as the Canon or 'Rule'. It is a typical Greek sculpture depicting the beauty of the male body. This rigorously calculated pose, which is found in almost all works attributed to Polykleitos, became a standard formula used in Greco-Roman and, later, western European art." Doryphoros Īnother statue created by Polykleitos is the Doryphoros, also called the Spear bearer. The position of the feet poised between standing and walking give a sense of potential movement. "The thorax and pelvis of the Diadoumenos tilt in opposite directions, setting up rhythmic contrasts in the torso that create an impression of organic vitality. Roman copy of a Greek bronze original dated around 430 B.C." Polykleitos sculpted the outline of his muscles significantly to show that he is an athlete. ![]() The gesture of the boy tying his headband represents a victory, possibly from an athletic contest. The statue of Diadumenos, also known as Youth Tying a Headband is one of Polykleitos's sculptures known from many copies. to make a wounded Amazon for the temple of Artemis marble copies associated with the competition survive. Pliny also mentions that Polykleitos was one of the five major sculptors who competed in the fifth century B.C. Polykleitos's Astragalizontes ("Boys Playing at Knuckle-bones") was claimed by the Emperor Titus and set in a place of honour in his atrium. Further sculptures attributed to Polykleitos are the Discophoros (" Discus-bearer"), Diadumenos ("Youth tying a headband") and a Hermes at one time placed, according to Pliny, in Lysimachia (Thrace). He also sculpted a famous bronze male nude known as the Doryphoros ("Spear Bearer"), which survives in the form of numerous Roman marble copies. Polykleitos's figure of an Amazon for Ephesus was admired, while his colossal gold and ivory statue of Hera which stood in her temple-the Heraion of Argos-was favourably compared with the Olympian Zeus by Pheidias. The Townley Marbles Discophoros, British Museum Pausanias is adamant that they were not the same person, and that Polykleitos was from Argos, in which city state he must have received his early training, and a contemporary of Phidias (possibly also taught by Ageladas). He is sometimes called the Elder, in cases where it is necessary to distinguish him from his son, who is regarded as a major architect but a minor sculptor.Īs noted above, Polykleitos is called "The Sicyonian" by some authors, all writing in Latin, and who modern scholars view as relying on an error of Pliny the Elder in conflating another more minor sculptor from Sikyon, a disciple of Phidias, with Polykleitos of Argos. "of Argos") by others like Plato and Pausanias. "The Sicyonian", usually translated as "of Sicyon") by Latin authors including Pliny the Elder and Cicero, and Ἀργεῖος (lit. His Greek name was traditionally Latinized Polycletus, but is also transliterated Polycleitus ( Ancient Greek: Πολύκλειτος, Classical Greek Greek pronunciation:, "much-renowned") and, due to iotacism in the transition from Ancient to Modern Greek, Polyklitos or Polyclitus. ![]() A Polykleitan Diadumenos, in a Roman marble copy, National Archaeological Museum of Athens ![]()
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